【转载】：http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/11/7/10-core-architecture-pattern-variations-for-achieving-scalab.html

Srinath Perera has put together a strong list of architecture patterns based on three meta patterns: distribution, caching, and asynchronous processing. He contends these three are the primal patterns and the following patterns are but different combinations:

1. LB (Load Balancers) + Shared nothing Units . Units that do not share anything with each other fronted with a load balancer that routes incoming messages to a unit based on some criteria.
2. LB + Stateless Nodes + Scalable Storage . Several stateless nodes talking to a scalable storage, and a load balancer distributes load among the nodes.
3. Peer to Peer Architectures (Distributed Hash Table (DHT) and Content Addressable Networks (CAN)) . Algorithm for scaling up logarithmically.
4. Distributed Queues . Queue implementation (FIFO delivery) implemented as a network service.
5. Publish/Subscribe Paradigm . Network publish subscribe brokers that route messages to each other.
6. Gossip and Nature-inspired Architectures . Each node randomly pick and exchange information with follow nodes.
7. Map Reduce/ Data flows . Scalable pattern to describe and execute Jobs.
8. Tree of responsibility . Break the problem down recursively and assign to a tree, each parent node delegating work to children nodes.
9. Stream processing . Process data streams, data that is keeps coming.
10. Scalable Storages . Ranges from Databases, NoSQL storages, Service Registries, to File systems.