(一)整合apache+tomcat调度

一、环境说明

在一台服务器上安装一个apache作为web server,多个tomcat作为应用的容器，此时我们便可以使用apache来作为一个调度员将用户发来的请求发送到不同的tomcat。在此我使用192.168.0.3作为apache和tomcat的服务器，192.168.0.4作为另一台tomcat应用服务器。

拓扑如下：

二、原理

tomcat 为一个jsp的容器，apache为一个web server，两者之间通信通过worker进行（由Tomcat使用Server.xml文件中Connector的标签来定义其端口和协议），通过 mod_jk的模块（由web服务器像apache、iis等使用）和Web Server通信。整个过程其实就是让apache的httpd.conf文件调用mod_jk.conf，mod_jk.conf调用workers.properties，最后配置虚拟主机。文件说明 mod_jk.conf 主要定义mod_jk模块的位置以及mod_jk模块的连接日志设置，还有定义worker.properties文件的位置。 worker.properties 定义worker的参数，主要是连接tomcat主机的地址和端口信息。如果Tomcat与apache不在同一台机器上，或者需要做多台机器上tomcat的负载均衡只需要更改workers.properties文件中的相应定义即可。三、安装软件 1.先安装了所需的程序库 yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel 2.Apache 安装： tar zxvf httpd-2.2.8.tar.gz cd httpd-2.2.8 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 --enable-modules=so --enable-so make && make install 3.JDK的安装 chmod 755 jdk-6u26-linux-i586-rpm.bin ./jdk-6u26-linux-i586-rpm.bin mv /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_26 /usr/local/ 到/usr/bin目录下，把原用的java,javac文件删除: rm -rf /usr/bin/{java,javac} 在/usr/bin 下建立软连接 java ln -s /usr/local/jdk1.6.0_26/bin/java /usr/bin/java ln -s /usr/local/jdk1.6.0_26/bin/javac /usr/bin/javac javac -version 为了方便下在的工作建立两个软链接： ln -s /usr/local/jdk1.6.0_26/ /usr/local/jdk ln -s /usr/local/jdk1.6.0_26/jre /usr/local/jre 4.Tomcat的安装 tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-7.0.16.tar.gz mv apache-tomcat-7.0.16 /usr/local/tomcat 5.设置环境变量: vi .bash_profile JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk export.html' target='_blank'>export JAVA_HOME JRE_HOME=/usr/local/jre export JRE_HOME CLASSPATH=/usr=/usr/local/tomcat/lib/:/usr/local/jdk/lib:/usr/local/jre/lib export CLASSPATH PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/:/usr/local/apache/bin:/usr/local/jdk/bin:/usr/local/jre/bin export PATH TOMCAT_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat export TOMCAT_HOME source .bash_profile //使环境变量立即生效 6.JK 安装（整合apache tomcat） tar zxvf tomcat-connectors-1.2.27-src.tar.gz cd tomcat-connectors-1.2.27-src/native ./configure --with-apxs=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs --with-java-home=/usr/local/jdk sleep 3 make && make install 在/usr/local/apache2/modules/ 下会产生mod_jk.so （同样在192.168.0.4上也要安装jdk和tomcat）四、配置Apache 1.修改apache配置文件 NameVirtualHost *:80 <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName www.baiying21.com JkMountFile conf/mount_baiying21.properties </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName www.baiying23.com JkMountFile conf/mount_baiying23.properties </VirtualHost> include conf/mod_jk.conf 2.调度器JK的配置建立JK配置文件： vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/workers.properties worker.list=jvm_baiying21,jvm_baiying23 #========jvm_baiying21======== worker.jvm_baiying21.type=ajp13 worker.jvm_baiying21.port=8009 //第6步会配置此端口 worker.jvm_baiying21.host=localhost worker.jvm_baiying21.lbfactor=1 #========jvm_baiying23======== worker.jvm_baiying23.type=ajp13 worker.jvm_baiying23.port=8010 worker.jvm_baiying23.host=192.168.0.4 worker.jvm_baiying23.lbfactor=1 3.vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/mod_jk.conf LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so JkWorkersFile conf/workers.properties JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log JkShmFile logs/mod_jk.shm JkLogLevel info JkLogStampFormat "[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y] " JkOptions +ForwardKeySize +ForwardURICompat -ForwardDirectories JkRequestLogFormat "%w %V %T" #JkMount /* controller 4.vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/mount_baiying21.properties /*=jvm_baiying21 5.vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/mount_baiying23.properties /*=jvm_baiying23 6.修改baiying21的tomcat调用端口 vi /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" /> //我们使用默认端口8009 修改baiying23的tomcat调用端口 <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" /> 五、创建jsp测试页面在baiying21的tomcat安装路径下建立目录test mkdir /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/test/ vi index.jsp <html> <title> baiying21 jsp </title> <% String showMessage="Oh My God baiying21!"; out.print(showMessage); %> </html> ---------------------------- 在baiying23的tomcat安装路径下建立目录test mkdir /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/test/ vi index.jsp <html> <title> baiying23 jsp </title> <% String showMessage="Oh My God baiying23!"; out.print(showMessage); %> </html> 修改客户端的hosts文件 192.168.0.3 www.baiying21.com 192.168.0.3 www.baiying23.com 在客户端浏览器分别输入www.baiying21.com/test/index.jsp、www.baiying23.com/test/index.jsp验证apache是否调度成功。错误总结：在未正确配置tomcat调用端口时，日志报错如下错误信息，因为之前我把调度器JK的配置中的tomcat调用端口配置成了8080，而tomcat默认的ajp借口为8009 # tail -f access_log 192.168.0.1 - - [24/Aug/2011:14:14:15 +0800] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 209 192.168.0.1 - - [24/Aug/2011:15:08:20 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 503 323 192.168.0.1 - - [24/Aug/2011:15:16:23 +0800] "GET /test/index.jsp HTTP/1.1" 502 232 192.168.0.1 - - [24/Aug/2011:15:17:42 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 502 232 192.168.0.1 - - [24/Aug/2011:15:17:52 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 502 232 # tail -f mod_jk.log [Wed Aug 24 15:53:52 2011] [25050:3086759680] [info] jk_handler::mod_jk.c (2678): Service error=0 for worker=jvm_chanjet21 [Wed Aug 24 15:54:01 2011] [25050:3086759680] [error] ajp_connection_tcp_get_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1296): wrong message format 0x4854 from 127.0.0.1:8080 [Wed Aug 24 15:54:01 2011] [25050:3086759680] [error] ajp_get_reply::jk_ajp_common.c (2118): (jvm_chanjet21) Tomcat is down or refused connection. No response has been sent to the client (yet) [Wed Aug 24 15:54:01 2011] [25050:3086759680] [info] ajp_service::jk_ajp_common.c (2607): (jvm_chanjet21) sending request to tomcat failed (recoverable), because of protocol error (attempt=1) 还可以通过stat.html' target='_blank'>netstat -anp | grep java查看java使用的jk配置中端口信息

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